In 2003, the US General Services Administration (GSA) adopted the use of 3D-4D-BIM programs in design starts beginning in 2007. Under the mandate, the GSA will require architects to utilize Building Information Modeling (BIM) programs in early concept design. As the country’s largest procurer of construction, the GSA believes that these data-rich interactive data models will benefit the industry in the long-run by improving decision-making processes. Moreover, the GSA hopes to improve interoperability and efficiency by creating an industry neutral standard for construction projects.

Speaking more generally, Dr. Kam and Mr. Hagan both encourage the use of 3D-4D-BIM techniques in the design process. They argue these techniques will eventually develop effective interoperability by encouraging conformity to an underlying classification system and industrial taxonomy.